Chaturmaas: Lord Vishnu’s Four Months Deep Slumber

"Chaturmaas", also known as "Chaturmaas'' or the "Four Holy Months", is a significant period in the Hindu calendar. "Chaturmaas" begins on the day of Devshayani Ekadashi (Ashadha Shukla Ekadashi) and concludes on Prabodhini or Dev Uttana Ekadashi (Kartik Shukla Ekadashi). In ’24, "Chaturmaas" begins from 17th July '24 and lasts until 12th November ’24.

Chaturmaas is mainly followed in North and some parts of west in India. Lasting for four months namely: 'Shravan, Bhadrapada, Ashwin & Karthik', it holds great religious and spiritual importance for millions of devotees around the world.

The Four Auspicious Months of “Chaturmaas”:

The very first month- "Shravan'' (also called 'Saavan') is dedicated to Lord Shiva, especially the Mondays. Being the 5th month of the Hindu Lunar calendar, this is an opportune time to connect with Shiv Shambhu. During 'Shravan' itself, Lord Shiva had drunk the poison (Halahal) emerging from Samudra Manthan turning his throat to blue. To relieve him from the harmful effects of the poison, Mata Parvati (Sati at that time) & his devotees (common people) have bestowed fresh & cool water on Shivlings. Additionally, Indra Dev had also initiated heavy rains at that time to shower on Lord Shiva (for protecting him from the heat of Halahal). Since then, it rains very heavily during the month of Saawan. And Shiva's devotees bestow water on Shivlings to receive the kindness and utter elegance of Lord Shiva over them.

The second month of Chaturmaas- "Bhadrapada'' is mainly dedicated to Lord Ganesha, the elephant-headed deity. Being the 6th month of the Hindu Lunar Calendar, this month can bring about purification, prosperity, and spiritual upliftment. The month is characterized by lush greenery, rain showers, and the rejuvenation of nature.

The third month of Chaturmaas- "Ashwin" includes Navratri/ Durga Puja & Dussehra. Being the 7th month of the Hindu Lunar Calendar, it is a time for devotees to express their devotion, seek blessings, and engage in acts of piety. The weather is often pleasant, with cooler temperatures and a festive atmosphere. It is a time of harvest, and agricultural communities celebrate the bountiful yields and offer gratitude for the agricultural abundance.

The fourth & the last concluding month of Chaturmaas- "Karthik '' includes festivals such as Karva Chauth, Diwali, Govardhan Puja, etc. Being the 8th month of the Hindu Lunar Calendar, it is considered an auspicious month for performing various religious rituals, penances, and devotional practices. Many festivals and ceremonies are observed during this time, and devotees engage in acts of devotion, fasting, and charity.

Rituals, Observances, and Importance of “Chaturmaas”:

"Chaturmaas" is very closely associated with Lord Vishnu, the preserver and sustainer in Hindu shastras. According to the religious texts of Sanatan Dharma, Lord Vishnu goes into a deep slumber known as "Yoga Nidra” in Kshirasagar during this period while resting on the cosmic serpent, Sheshnag. Devotees observe this period as a time of heightened devotion, self-discipline, and spiritual practices to express their reverence for Lord Vishnu and seek his blessings.

Many devotees observe various forms of fasting during "Chaturmaas" known as 'Chaturmaas Vrat' or 'Chaturmaasam' or 'Chatur Maas Vrat.' Different names have been given to the fasts of all the months of Chaturmaas namely- Shaka Vrata, Dadhi Vrata, Ksheera Vrata, Dwidala Vrata, & Bahubeeja Vrata (in Kannada culture).

Some fast on specific days, while others abstain from certain types of food or observe flexible fasting- having one or two meals. It is recommended to prohibit lots of eatables such as salt, oil, jaggery, garlic, onion & many more.

The most common practice is Ekadashi fasting, where devotees refrain from consuming grains and cereals on the eleventh day of both the waxing and waning lunar phases. Fasting on all the Ekadashis in the time period of "Chaturmaas" holds special significance. It is believed that this practice purifies the body and mind, promotes self-control, and invokes the blessings of Lord Vishnu.

Basically, the process of fasting during "Chaturmaas" is completely related to the importance of health during this period. As in this duration, various systems of our body, such as the digestive system, operate in a very different manner. Hence during "Chaturmaas", some people choose to follow certain dietary and lifestyle practices.

Some individuals may opt for a restricted diet during Chaturmaas. This can include avoiding certain foods like onion, garlic, non-vegetarian food, or foods that are considered heavy or tamasic (promoting inertia) in nature. Instead, they may prefer lighter, satvic (promoting purity and clarity) foods. These dietary changes are believed to promote spiritual well-being and discipline rather than directly altering the functioning of the digestive system.

It's important to keep in mind that the impact of Chaturmas practices on the body's systems is indirect and can vary among individuals. These practices are primarily associated with spiritual and religious significance rather than direct physiological effects.

"Chaturmaas" is a time when spiritual leaders, saints and scholars often conduct satsangs (spiritual gatherings) & deliver discourses on religious teachings and Shastras. Devotees engage in regular prayers, recitation of religious texts, and chanting of mantras. The Vishnu Sahasranama (thousand names of Lord Vishnu) and the chanting of the 'Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya' mantra are particularly popular during this period. Some people also initiate reading Mahabharata, Ramayana, or Bhagavad Gita during the 4 month period. All these provide an opportunity to seek guidance, deepen understanding of spiritual concepts, & receive inspiration for spiritual journey.

Chaturmaas emphasizes the importance of selfless service and charity. Devotees engage in acts of kindness, donate to the needy, and support charitable causes. This practice is believed to accrue spiritual merits and purify the soul.

It is a time for devotees to deepen their knowledge of Hindu Shastras, philosophy, and spiritual teachings. Many participate in study groups, satsangs (spiritual gatherings), and discourses to gain a deeper understanding of their faith.

During "Chaturmaas", some devotees take vows of austerity and refrain from certain activities. This may include avoiding non-vegetarian food, alcohol, smoking, or even reducing materialistic pursuits and indulgences. By voluntarily embracing simplicity and renunciation, individuals aim to cultivate detachment from worldly desires & focus on overall spiritual growth.

"Chaturmaas" is also a time when devotees embark on pilgrimages to sacred places associated with Lord Vishnu or other deities.

Also during this time, it is believed that all the Teerths (sacred rivers and ponds) in the whole world are considered to arrive at Braj Mandal for 4 months. Hence, people also visit Braj (Vrindavan & Mathura) during "Chaturmaas."

These journeys allow them to seek divine blessings, perform rituals, and immerse themselves in a spiritually charged environment.

On the other hand, there's a belief that celestial beings and saints do not move around in the universe during "Chaturmaas." They stay stationed at one place & perform Tapas.

Why Chaturmaas is Considered Inauspicious for Propitious Activities?

Chaturmaas is traditionally considered inauspicious for performing major life events and auspicious activities such as weddings, housewarmings, and significant business ventures. This period, spanning from Devshayani Ekadashi in the month of Ashadha (usually in July) to Prabodhini Ekadashi in the month of Kartika (usually in November), is dedicated to intense spiritual practices, penance, and austerity. It is believed that during Chaturmaas, Lord Vishnu, who is considered the preserver and protector of the universe, goes into a state of cosmic slumber. Consequently, initiating new beginnings or engaging in joyous celebrations during this time is considered unfavorable, as the protective and benevolent gaze of Lord Vishnu is not actively present.

The period of Chaturmaas is marked by monsoon rains in India, which is another reason for its association with inauspiciousness. The heavy rains often lead to disruptions in daily life, making it impractical to hold large gatherings or embark on new ventures. Instead, this time is viewed as an opportunity for introspection, spiritual growth, and self-discipline. Devotees often observe fasting, engage in increased prayer, and participate in religious activities to seek blessings and cleanse their karma. By focusing on spiritual practices during Chaturmaas, individuals aim to fortify themselves for the more auspicious times that follow, aligning their actions with the cosmic rhythms and traditions of their faith.

The Deities Who Guide Us During Chaturmaas

During the four-month period of Chaturmaas, when Lord Vishnu enters a state of cosmic slumber, other deities assume significant roles in guiding and protecting devotees. This period is imbued with various festivals and observances dedicated to these deities, each bringing their unique blessings and teachings to ensure spiritual continuity and upliftment.

The period begins with Guru Purnima, a day dedicated to honoring spiritual teachers and gurus. This celebration underscores the importance of wisdom and guidance imparted by gurus, who help devotees navigate their spiritual journey and uphold dharma in the absence of Lord Vishnu's active presence. Following this, the sacred month of Shravana, particularly Mondays known as Shravana Somvar, witnesses increased devotion to Lord Shiva. As the god of destruction and transformation, Shiva's blessings are sought for purification, strength, and inner resilience.

During Chaturmaas, the joyous celebration of Janmashtami, marking the birth of Lord Krishna, brings an infusion of divine love and teachings. Krishna's life and messages inspire devotees to embrace righteousness, love, and devotion. Similarly, the worship of Lord Ganesha during Ganesh Chaturthi ensures the removal of obstacles and the bestowal of wisdom and prosperity.

Pitru Paksha, a period dedicated to the ancestors, allows devotees to honor their forefathers, seeking their blessings and performing rites to ensure their peace. This observance highlights the continuity of familial and spiritual obligations.

As the period progresses, Navaratri, dedicated to the worship of Durga Maa, celebrates the divine feminine power, invoking strength, protection, and victory over evil. Concurrently, the blessings of Maa Lakshmi and Lord Kubera are invoked for prosperity and wealth, particularly during the festival of Diwali, which also marks the end of Chaturmaas.

Through these diverse celebrations and devotions, devotees maintain a spiritual connection and ensure that the protective and benevolent energies of various deities sustain them during Lord Vishnu's cosmic slumber.

Conclusion

Overall, "Chaturmaas" is a period of heightened devotion, self-discipline, and spiritual practices in Hinduism.

During "Chaaturmaas", one can gain enormous benefits by indulging in below activities:

• Touching the Lotus feet of the deity- Brings fortune & success.
• Performing Circumambulation around the deity in temple - Is considered highly spiritual and considered to be a form of offering prayers to the deity.
• Studying the shastras & Worshiping Lord Vishnu - Rewards one with Vaikuntha.
• Practice of yoga - Bestows good health. Also helps one to align with his being.
• No bad words/ Avoiding foul language - Rewards command over one's thoughts and helps to gain control over self.

Apart from the above mentioned benefits, this day serves as an occasion to redirect our focus towards spiritual path, purify thoughts and actions, & seek the divine grace of Lord Vishnu.