“Onam”: Kerala's Harvest Festival of Joy and Tradition

“Onam”, the grand festival of Kerala, is a ten-day celebration that marks the end of the monsoon season and welcomes the harvest season. This vibrant and culturally rich festival, primarily celebrated by the Malayali community, holds deep spiritual significance, commemorating the return of the legendary King Mahabali. The festivities, which begin with Atham and culminate on Thiruvonam, are observed with immense joy and devotion across Kerala.

As per the Hindu Lunar Calendar, the day on which Nakshatra Thiruvonam appears in the Malayalam month of Chingam is celebrated as the festival of “Onam.” Thiruvonam Nakshatra is also referred to as Shravana in some Hindu calendars. And, according to the Gregorian Calendar, “Onam” is more likely to occur in the month of either August or September.

This year, “Onam” is starting from the 6th of September ‘24 and ending on the 15th of September ‘24.

As per “Drik Panchang”,

Thiruvonam (main Onam’s celebration day) is on Sunday, 15th of September ‘24

• Thiruvonam (Shravana) Nakshathram Begins - 20:32 on 14th of September ‘24
• Thiruvonam Nakshathram Ends - 18:49 on 15th of September ‘24

The Legend of King Mahabali:

The Onam festival is deeply rooted in the legend of King Mahabali, an Asura (demon) king from Hindu mythology. Unlike typical Asuras, Mahabali was a just and benevolent ruler who governed Kerala with unparalleled fairness and prosperity. His reign was characterized by equality, peace, and happiness, leading to a utopian society where crime and poverty were non-existent. Mahabali’s popularity and influence grew so immense that it began to overshadow even the realm of the gods, causing concern among the Devas (gods).

The gods, particularly Indra, were anxious about Mahabali’s growing power and approached Lord Vishnu, the preserver of the universe, for intervention. Vishnu, recognizing Mahabali's virtue and humility, chose not to confront him directly but instead to test his character. Vishnu took the form of Vamana, a humble dwarf Brahmin, and asked Mahabali for three paces of land. Amused by the modest request, Mahabali agreed despite warnings from his advisor.

As Vamana grew in size to encompass the entire universe, he covered the earth and heavens with his first two steps. With no space left for the third step, Mahabali offered his own head. This act of supreme humility and self-sacrifice demonstrated Mahabali's true greatness. Vishnu was so impressed by Mahabali’s humility that he granted him the boon to visit his people once a year. This annual visit is celebrated as Onam in Kerala, symbolizing the return of the beloved king and the prosperity he represented.

Historical Context of Onam:

Onam has ancient roots, with references dating back to the Sangam-era Tamil poem Maturaikkāñci from the 3rd century CE. Inscriptions from the 11th and 12th centuries also mention Onam offerings in Vishnu temples, especially the Thrikkakara Temple, associated with the Vamana avatar of Vishnu. Over time, Onam has evolved to include a blend of cultural and religious practices.

Ten Days of Onam Celebrations:

Onam celebrations span ten days, beginning with Atham and culminating in Thiruvonam. Each day has its own significance:

Pookalam (Floral Rangoli):

Colorful floral designs created at home entrances grow daily, symbolizing joy and prosperity. Competitions for the best designs are held.

Onam Sadya (Traditional Feast):

The grand feast features up to 26 dishes served on a banana leaf, including rice, sambar, and various curries. It represents the abundance of the harvest.

Vallamkali (Boat Race):

Spectacular snake boat races on Kerala's backwaters showcase elaborate boats and skilled rowers, accompanied by rhythmic chants.

Kaikottikali (Thiruvathirakali):

Traditional dance performed by women in Kerala saris, symbolizing unity and grace.

Onam’s Connection with the Harvest:

Onam coincides with the harvest season, marking the beginning of Chingam, the first month of the Malayalam calendar. This period is crucial for agriculture in Kerala, symbolizing gratitude for a bountiful yield. The festival celebrates both the harvest and the reign of King Mahabali, reflecting the prosperity of the land.

Modern Celebrations of Onam:

Onam is celebrated globally by the Malayali diaspora, blending traditional customs with modern festivities. Social media and global exposure have helped spread the festival beyond Kerala, with celebrations in places like Dubai and New York. Despite its modern adaptations, Onam continues to honor its cultural and religious roots, emphasizing unity, prosperity, and communal harmony.

Conclusion:

Onam is more than a festival; it is a vibrant celebration of Kerala’s cultural heritage and communal values. Rooted in the legend of King Mahabali and linked to the harvest season, it symbolizes unity, prosperity, and the enduring spirit of generosity and equality. The festival brings together people from all backgrounds, fostering a sense of community and joy.