"Bhai Dooj"- Celebrating the Bond of Siblings

"Bhai Dooj", also known as "Bhai Phota" in Bengal & Bhai Tika, Bhaiya Dooj, Bhau-Beej, Bhai Bij, Bhav Bij, Bhatru Dviteeya & Bhatri Ditya in other areas, is a Hindu festival that celebrates the unique bond between brothers and sisters. It typically falls on the second day after Diwali, marking the end of the five-day festival of lights. This occasion holds cultural and religious significance, emphasizing the importance of familial relationships.

As per Hindu Panchang, it is observed on the ‘dooj’ or dwitiya tithi (2nd day) of the Shukla Paksha (bright fortnight of moon) in the Hindu month of Kartik. In the Gregorian calendar it falls between October-November.

This year, "Bhai Dooj" is on the 3rd of November ‘24.

As per Drik Panchang, the "tithi" for "Bhai Dooj" in the year ‘24 is as follows:

Bhai Dooj on Sunday, 3rd of November ‘24

• Dwitiya Tithi Begins - 20:21 on 2nd of November ‘24
• Dwitiya Tithi Ends - 22:05 on 3rd of November ‘24

Rituals & Celebration on "Bhai Dooj":

On Bhai Dooj, sisters perform aarti for their brothers, applying a tilak (kumkum) on their foreheads as a symbol of love and protection. This ritual is believed to strengthen the bond between siblings and ensure the well-being of the brothers.

This ritual is suggested to be observed during "Aparahna." "Aparahna" generally refers to the afternoon or the latter half of the day in Hindu tradition.

As per Drik Panchang,

• Bhai Dooj Aparahna Time on 3rd of November ‘24
• - 13:27 to 15:44
• Duration - 02 Hours 17 Mins

During the Bhai Dooj Tika ceremony, sisters earnestly pray for the prosperity and joy in their brothers' lives. This symbolic act is a protective shield, aimed at warding off all negative influences. In return, brothers express their love by showering blessings and gifting tokens of appreciation, which can range from thoughtful presents to monetary gestures.

On this day, women also apply henna (mehendi) on their hands.

In the traditions of Maharashtra and Haryana, women without brothers engage in a unique ritual by offering prayers to the moon. Similarly, sisters separated by distance from their brothers express their heartfelt prayers through a special Moon God worship. This involves the ceremonial aarti dedicated to the Moon, symbolizing their wish for their brothers' long and prosperous lives. Interestingly, the affectionate term 'Chanda Mama,' meaning 'Moon Uncle,' commonly used by Hindu children, reflects the familial connection, where 'chanda' refers to the moon, and 'mama' is a term for a mother's brother.

Significance of "Bhai Dooj":

The importance of Bhai Dooj dates back to history when during the Vedic period, deities showcased a special sibling bond, setting the foundation for Bhai Dooj. An essential part of Hindu culture, this festival's roots are found in numerous ancient Shastras. One compelling legend revolves around Lord Yamraj and His sister, Yamuna which is as follows:

Once upon a time, Yamuna and Yamaraj were twin siblings who shared a very close bond with each other. It had been a very long time since they had met. And Yamuna, also known as Yami, was longing to see her brother & just wished for him to visit soon.

Eventually, her prayers were answered & finally, Yama, her brother, came to her house on the second day after the new moon day. On seeing him, Yamuna flourished with happiness & excitement. She fed her brother with her own hands. After, she applied a Tilak on his forehead and prayed for his long-life.

To this, Yama became overwhelmed & promised his sister to bless her with a boon. Then, Yamuna replied stating that she wants him (Yamaraj) to visit her atleast once every year. Additionally, she said that anyone whose sister applies tilak on his forehead should not fear death or Lord Yamaraj.

Pleased with her beautiful wish, Yamaraj granted it. Since then, the tradition of applying tilak on a brother's forehead and praying for his long life has become an important part of Hinduism, celebrated across the country as a festival.

Apart from this, one more legendary tale about Lord Krishna & his sister, Subhadra is mentioned in Hindu culture which is as follows:

Once after Lord Krishna defeated the demon Narkasur, His sister joyfully welcomed Him home. She lit lamps, adorned the surroundings with flowers, and applied Tilak on Krishna's forehead, praying for His long life. This marked the beginning of a tradition of Bhai Dooj where sisters apply Tilak on their brothers' foreheads, and in return, brothers give gifts and sweets.

Regional Variations:

While the core essence of Bhai Dooj remains consistent across India, different regions celebrate it with unique customs. The variations highlight the diversity of cultural practices within the country.

In Maharashtra, it is known by the name "Bhai Beej". Sisters show their love and care by applying tilak on the forehead of their brothers and exchange gifts, blessings, mutual respect, love and sweets to celebrate the timeless, authentic and soulful connection.

While in West Bengal, the vibrant celebration of Bhai Dooj takes on the local flavor of Bhai Phonta. It involves sisters applying a special paste on their brothers' foreheads This festivity is marked by elaborate ceremonies and a grand feast prepared specifically for brothers. The participation of siblings, both at least 5 years old, is a prerequisite for the festivities.

Bhai Phonta is joyously observed two days after Kali Puja, signifying the conclusion of Diwali celebrations, aligning with the customs in other parts of India.

Symbolism of the Festival:

Bhai Dooj goes beyond being a simple ritual; it's a heartfelt celebration of the emotional bond shared among siblings. It symbolizes the deep commitment to protecting and caring for one another throughout life's journey. The exchange of gifts and sweets during this occasion serves as a tangible expression of the joy and warmth that siblings bring into each other's lives. It's a beautiful acknowledgment of the special connection that exists between brothers and sisters, emphasizing the significance of familial love and support.